• European Union Agency for Cybersecurity
  • Pseudonymisation techniques and best practices
  • Data Pseudonymisation: Advanced Techniques and Use Cases
  • Recommendations on shaping technology according to GDPR provisions - An overview on data pseudonymisation
  • Recommendations on shaping technology according to GDPR provisions - Exploring the notion of data protection by default

Collision probability:

n(p; d) denotes the number of random integers drawn from [1,d] to obtain
a probability p that at least two numbers are the same:

n(p; d) = WURZEL((2d) * ln(1 / (1 - p)))
<=>
p = 1 - 1 / (e ^ (n(d; p)^2 / (2d)))